A great deal of focus is placed on the craftsmanship of the handmade Reference 1 speakers. The cabinets are divided into three chambers that are perfectly matched to the different parts of the 3-way speaker construction. This allows each of the five drivers to develop its sonic qualities to the full. The bass is produced by three 219 mm woofers with ceramic tungsten cones. These, together with the newly designed bass guide, provide clear and dynamic low frequency reproduction down to 18 Hertz. The 174 mm midrange driver uses the same cone material as the woofers, providing seamless midrange dynamics. The midrange driver is deliberately placed in the upper part of the speaker and contributes significantly to the authentic reproduction of voices and stage presence. The drivers are recessed into the round baffle and are complemented by special ASW (Asymmetric Waveguide) cover rings made of POM material. These rings act as waveguides in the tweeter and midrange to optimise dispersion